用Python构建在线教育视频平台

在这个数字化时代，在线教育已成为学习的重要途径。本文将带你一步步用Python语言构建一个功能齐全的在线教育视频平台，让知识传播更加便捷高效。

项目背景与需求分析

随着互联网的普及，越来越多的人选择在线学习。一个优秀的在线教育视频平台应具备以下功能：

1. 用户注册与登录
2. 视频上传与播放
3. 课程分类与管理
4. 用户评论与互动
5. 数据统计与分析

技术选型

为了实现上述功能，我们选择以下技术栈：

• 前端：HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Bootstrap
• 后端：Python, Flask框架
• 数据库：SQLite
• 视频存储：AWS S3
• 其他：JWT认证, SQLAlchemy ORM

项目结构

项目目录结构如下：

/online-edu-platform
    /app
        __init__.py
        /templates
        /static
        /models
        /views
        /utils
    /migrations
    config.py
    run.py

环境搭建

首先，确保已安装Python和pip。然后，创建虚拟环境并安装所需依赖：

python -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate
pip install Flask SQLAlchemy Flask-Migrate Flask-JWT-Extended boto3

数据库设计

使用SQLite作为数据库，定义用户和视频模型：

# app/models.py
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy

db = SQLAlchemy()

class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(80), unique=True, nullable=False)
    password_hash = db.Column(db.String(128), nullable=False)

class Video(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    title = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False)
    description = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=True)
    url = db.Column(db.String(200), nullable=False)
    user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'), nullable=False)
    user = db.relationship('User', backref=db.backref('videos', lazy=True))

后端实现

初始化应用

# app/__init__.py
from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_jwt_extended import JWTManager

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object('config.Config')
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
jwt = JWTManager(app)

from app import views

用户注册与登录

# app/views/auth.py
from flask import Blueprint, request, jsonify
from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash, check_password_hash
from app.models import User
from app import db, jwt
from flask_jwt_extended import create_access_token

auth_bp = Blueprint('auth', __name__)

@auth_bp.route('/register', methods=['POST'])
def register():
    data = request.get_json()
    username = data.get('username')
    password = data.get('password')
    hashed_password = generate_password_hash(password)
    new_user = User(username=username, password_hash=hashed_password)
    db.session.add(new_user)
    db.session.commit()
    return jsonify({'message': 'User created successfully'}), 201

@auth_bp.route('/login', methods=['POST'])
def login():
    data = request.get_json()
    username = data.get('username')
    password = data.get('password')
    user = User.query.filter_by(username=username).first()
    if user and check_password_hash(user.password_hash, password):
        access_token = create_access_token(identity=username)
        return jsonify({'access_token': access_token}), 200
    return jsonify({'message': 'Invalid credentials'}), 401

视频上传与播放

# app/views/video.py
from flask import Blueprint, request, jsonify
from app.models import Video
from app import db
import boto3

video_bp = Blueprint('video', __name__)

@video_bp.route('/upload', methods=['POST'])
def upload():
    data = request.get_json()
    title = data.get('title')
    description = data.get('description')
    url = data.get('url')
    user_id = data.get('user_id')
    new_video = Video(title=title, description=description, url=url, user_id=user_id)
    db.session.add(new_video)
    db.session.commit()
    return jsonify({'message': 'Video uploaded successfully'}), 201

@video_bp.route('/<int:video_id>', methods=['GET'])
def play(video_id):
    video = Video.query.get(video_id)
    if video:
        return jsonify({'title': video.title, 'description': video.description, 'url': video.url}), 200
    return jsonify({'message': 'Video